Sociology

Knowledge Pyramid of Sociology

Level 1: Foundational Concepts

• Basic Definitions: Understanding key terms in sociology (society, culture, norms, values, roles).

• Research Methods: Familiarity with qualitative and quantitative research methods (surveys, interviews, observations).

Level 2: Social Structures

• Definition of Social Structures: Understanding the organized patterns of relationships and institutions that shape society (families, schools, governments).

• Types of Social Structures:

  • Micro-level: Interactions and relationships among individuals (family dynamics, peer groups).

  • Meso-level: Community and organizational structures (neighborhoods, social networks).

  • Macro-level: Broad societal systems (economy, education system, legal system).

Level 3: Social Theory

• Major Sociological Theories:

  • Structural Functionalism: Focus on how various parts of society work together to maintain stability.

  • Conflict Theory: Emphasis on power dynamics and inequalities in society.

  • Symbolic Interactionism: Study of how individuals create meaning through social interactions.

• Contemporary Theories:

  • Feminist Theory: Examination of gender inequalities and their social implications.

  • Critical Theory: Exploration of social issues and injustices through a critical lens.

Level 4: Cultural Studies

• Definition and Scope: Understanding culture as a central aspect of human behavior and social life.

• Key Concepts:

  • Cultural Norms and Values: How culture shapes behavior and expectations.

  • Subcultures and Countercultures: Analysis of groups with distinct cultural norms that differ from mainstream society.

  • Globalization and Culture: The impact of global interconnectedness on local cultures.

• Cultural Criticism: Examining media, art, and literature to understand cultural messages and ideologies.

Level 5: Criminology

• Understanding Crime and Deviance: The study of criminal behavior and societal responses to it.

• Key Theories in Criminology:

  • Social Disorganization Theory: How community structures affect crime rates.

  • Strain Theory: The relationship between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.

  • Labeling Theory: How labels assigned to individuals can influence their self-identity and behavior.

• Criminal Justice System: Understanding the functioning of law enforcement, courts, and correctional institutions.

• Contemporary Issues: Exploration of topics such as mass incarceration, restorative justice, and the impact of social policies on crime.